|
The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (''WSSCC'') is a global membership organization hosted by the United Nations that specializes in sanitation and hygiene for poor people in countries with severe sanitation and hygiene needs. It was recognized formally in 1990 through a United Nations General Assembly resolution, with a mandate to continue to working on water and sanitation issues following the end of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990). The focus of its activities is behaviour change (e.g. through education and training), advocacy, grant financing, outreach and communications, project management and collaboration with government agencies, non-governmental organisations, international organisations, civil society groups and private sector interests at the national, regional and local levels. Key collaborating partners include WaterAid, WSP (The World Bank Water and Sanitation Programme), and UNICEF, among others. WSSCC’s Secretariat is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and oversees a network of over 5,000 members in more than 130 countries, as well as supporting water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) coalitions in 20 countries. The organisation focuses mainly on improving sanitation coverage. The UN estimates that 2.5 billion people live without access to safe sanitation. WSSCC is an unincorporated membership organization and not a separate legal entity. From 1991 to 2009, it was hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since 2010, WSSCC has been hosted by the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). ==History== In 1990, a group of senior staff of developing country governments, bilateral and multilateral agencies, NGOs and research institutions founded the WSSCC. On December 21, 1990, the 45th Session of the UN General Assembly elected to pass resolution A/RES/45/181, which emphasized the ‘importance of intensifying the coordination of national activities undertaken with the assistance of all relevant agencies in the field of water supply and sanitation through, in particular, the inter-agency Steering Committee for Co-operative Action for the International Drinking Water Decade and the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council’. Through this resolution the WSSCC was formally established as an independent organization with a UN mandate. During the 1990s, WSSCC concentrated on sharing knowledge among its Members and convening thematic discussion groups on water- and sanitation-related topics. In 2000, WSSCC published Vision 21, a proposal for achieving universal water, sanitation and hygiene coverage. After 2000, WSSCC expanded its work to include advocacy and communications. It introduced WASH as an umbrella term for water, sanitation and hygiene; this acronym has been broadly adopted in international development circles. Its members and staff lobbied for a Millennium Development Goal target for sanitation, which was adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Since 2007, WSSCC has focused on sanitation and hygiene, adding a dedicated sanitation grant financing mechanism (the Global Sanitation Fund) in addition to its networking, knowledge and advocacy work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|